Water Museum is one of the most spectacular museums in Yazd, which was inaugurated at the same time with the holding of the first international conference on aqueducts in May 2000 in Yazd.
The museum building, which belongs to the Yazd Regional Water Company, is located in one of the most unique residential houses of the Qajar period, known as the House of the Hatter. This building has an area of 720 square meters. Two aqueducts named Rahimabad and Zarch passed under this building. The 2,000-year-old Zarch aqueduct is still running with a 75-kilometer-long canal under the courtyard of the mansion.
This building is a very beautiful and unique architectural art. The building consists of 5 floors and the branch of Rahizabad and Zarch karez passes through its first floor. The second floor, which is located at a depth of 10 meters, is octagonal in shape and due to its constant temperature, it has been a suitable place for storing and storing food. In this part, there is a pond that keeps the air cool and pleasant when the water of the aqueduct passes through it. The third floor, which is the basement of the house, has several rooms and corridors that were inhabited by the residents on hot summer days due to the special cooling that was there and the lack of special cooling devices.
The fourth floor, which is on the ground floor, consists of different sections such as five-door rooms, hall, sash room, kitchen and crew quarters. The fifth floor is the roof of the house. There was a well on this floor, from which two drains used water from a well wheel and poured it into a well that still exists and filled it so that it could be used by the householders through two taps. Behind the main source, there is a small pond that filled with water and the fountains of the pond erupted inside the yard. The plaster motifs of the hatter’s house building are unique in their kind and are known as plant motifs. These plans include the role of flowers, plants, and animals that have been restored by architects in recent years to maintain their beauty.
Due to its proximity to Amir Chakhmaq Square, this museum attracts a lot of tourists. In this museum, water-related historical artifacts and monuments such as aqueduct digging equipment, water volume measuring devices, lighting equipment in the aqueduct, documents for buying and selling water and old endowment letters, mirab booklets and water distribution documents, Containers for storing and carrying water and many other valuable accessories are stored.
A number of objects kept in the Yazd Water Museum are unique due to their high antiquity. For example, several museums from a thousand years ago have been on display in this museum, which have been mentioned under various historical books. There is also a glass container with side tubes in the museum that hundreds of years ago, poured water into it and put snow in the upper area. Because it is a double-walled container, the snow melted over time, making it always cool, fresh, and free of any contaminants due to insects not entering it.
An aqueduct or canal is a waterway or canal dug underground to allow water to flow to the surface. This atmosphere or channel in the depths of the earth is to connect the strings of wells that originate from the mother of the well. Mother wells are usually an underground spring. Aqueducts are used to direct and manage water for agriculture and other purposes. This aqueduct canal may be several kilometers to reach the ground and is called the outlet of the mouth of the karez or the head of the aqueduct or the mouth of the well. The aqueduct was one of the main sources of water supply and it was these karezes that had the capacity to supply water to the farms of more than 60,000 villages in the country.
The notion of aqueduct construction spread to the arid mountainous regions of Iran in the early first millennium BC, allowing farmers in these areas to cultivate during long periods of drought when surface water was not available. These aqueducts gradually became popular in other parts of the world, and now there are many aqueducts from China to Morocco and even in the Americas. The ancient Iranians took this new initiative several thousand years ago and called it Kariz or Kahriz. The first aqueducts and the longest aqueduct in the world are located in Iran. With this invention, which is unique in its kind in the world, it is possible to collect a significant amount of groundwater and bring it to the earth’s surface, which, like natural springs, its water flows from the earth to the earth’s surface all year round without any auxiliary tools. Turns. A karez made by Iranian scholars. The profession has brought with it a blue watch and a water mill. Despite the fact that several thousand years have passed since its invention, this method of using water is still common in some villages and residential, agricultural and livestock areas of the country, and is even the main pillar of cultivation in arid areas.
